Introduction and History of Psychology

1. Ask your parent, grandparent, sibling, or a friend that has not taken this course what they think an industrial and organizational psychologist is? Were they close? During lunch with a friend, we began discussing how school was going for each of us and I thought of this week's assignment. I asked my friend what she thought I/O psychology was. While she knew it had something to due with behaviors and work, she was unable to really specify what I/O psychology actually is.   She was quite surprised when I explained it to her. When asked the question, she was partially right. The word â€Å"psychology† gave her the impression that it was psychology, or behavior related; and the word â€Å"organization† led her to believe it was work-related. I think what likely stumped her was the word â€Å"industrial†; it is not a word most people would associate with psychology. 2. Why do you think so few people know about this field? As mentioned previously, most people wouldn't associate â€Å"industrial† with psychology. â€Å"Organizational† is a word that most people are familiar with and naturally assume that it refers to a job or the workplace. I think most people would likely associate many of the functions of an I/O psychologist with those of those of the human resource department (HRD). Many people working in medium-to-large organizations are familiar with the evaluations, assessments and programs conducted in the HRD. It is possible that many people would not consider the functions listed on the SIOP website as areas of I/O psychologist functions, as these functions are associated with the HRD. Examples of these functions include; legal, workplace health, compensation and benefits, employee behavior, employee issues, WorkLife programs and performance evaluations and assessments (SIOP Brochure, sect. 5, 2006). 3. Do you think it would help if we changed the name of the field to something else, like â€Å"Work Psychology†? If the name of the field were to change, what other names would be more descriptive of what we do? It might be helpful to change I/O psychology to a more familiar term in order to increase familiarity with the work and services of I/O psychologists. If the name of the field was to change, I think it should encompass the services of helping employees achieve satisfaction in their place of employment. The various job titles of I?O psychologists listed on the SIOP website is an example of why people may not know of I/O psychology and related services; there are so many different titles. SIOP, for example, lists the following human resource related job functions: â€Å"Corporate Vice President, Director, Manager, Staff Member of Organizational Development, Management Development, Human Resources Research, Employee Relations, Training and Development, and Leadership Development† (sect. 7).  Names that come to mind that may be suitable for replacing the term I/O psychology are:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Employee Relations Psychology  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Workforce and Organization Psychology  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Employer and Employee Developmental Psychology 4. Let me know why you are taking this course and what you hope to learn from this class. I am taking this course to continue learning about the various fields of psychology in order to eventually discover which field I am most interested in pursuing. I hope to learn the inner workings of an organization through the functions of an I/O psychologist and how an I/O psychologist can help employees improve their work experience and increase their chances for success.

Optimism in The Grapes of Wrath Essay

At the end of the novel The Grapes of Wrath, by John Steinbeck, it seems as though the Joads have nothing left to live for, however Steinbeck shows signs of optimism through symbols and biblical allusions. The Joads have gone through tremendous hardships throughout their entire trip to California to find work. They have lost several family members, have gone without work and lived on extremely low rations for months. At the height of their struggles, the Joads are without food, shelter, and their strongest member Tom Joad. The daughter, Rose of Sharon also delivers a stillborn baby. Steinbeck does however end the story with symbols of hope. The rain, which is constantly pouring down, is a symbol of renewal. The rain represents the coming of spring and plants. The rain has made A[t]iny points of grass came through the earth@ and Athe hills were pale green with the beginning year@(592), enabling for new crops to grow and for families to find work. Rose of Sharon=s stillborn baby is also a symbol of optimism. Uncle John is told to bury the baby after it is delivered. Instead Uncle John decides to float the baby down a river in its coffin. Through this action, Steinbeck alludes to Moses, who was also sent down a river as a baby, and later freed his people from slavery and brought them to Isreal. As Uncle John puts the stillborn baby into the river, he tells it to AGo down an= tell =em. Go down in the street an= rot an= tell =em that way@(609). Uncle John is telling the baby to show the rich landowners what their greediness has done. Uncle John sends the baby down as a symbol of the great suffering the have-nots have been through, saying, Amaybe they=ll know then@(609). The last  symbol of optimism comes when Rose of Sharon nurses a dying man. The man has been deprived of food for six days and is not able to digest solid foods. Rose of Sharon, after just delivering a stillborn baby, understands the situation and lets the man drink her milk. This action shows the tremendous growth Rose of Sharon has gone through as a person and ends the novel with optimistic gestures of generosity and unselfishness.

Rethinking Poverty

Esmeralda Johnson Dr. Douchant ECON 33065 May 2nd, 2018 Rethinking PovertyIntroductionDespite the remarkable and noticeable progress since the Second World War in various parts of the world, severe poverty remains to be a concern in various regions in the globe. From the World Bank's report of 2008, more than 1.4 billion people are living in poverty, which is under 1 dollar a day income (United Nations, 5). The world is facing very diverse challenges. Recently, crises of energy and food are making hundreds of millions to be susceptible to poverty and hunger. The world economic and financial crisis also is threatening to wipe out progress in the reduction of poverty, as climate change remains the main threat to the lives of the poor people. The negative outcome of the crises highlights an increased vulnerability to poverty, hence calling for some international poverty reduction (Karnani, np). It eventually underscores the need of rethinking strategies for poverty reduction, including the development paradigm. Background information on global poverty. Poverty is a key cause of undernourishment and hunger. From the 2009 research by the Food and Agriculture Organization, more than 960 million people are hungry people worldwide, representing more than 15 percent of the world population. Most of the hungry and undernourished individuals are in the poor countries nations. Poverty on its own is claiming more than 25 000 children every day, with the number also increasing all the time (United Nations, 5). These children die miserably in various parts of the earth. Also, more than 28 percent of the children in countries that are developing, are assumed and assessed to be stunted or underweight. More than 1 billion individuals in the unindustrialized countries lack access to sufficient water, while more than 2.6 billion individuals are under inadequate sanitation (United Nations, 6). When relating poverty and inequality, they have a close relationship, and inequality itself is rising worldwide at both the national and global levels. Over 81 percent of the global population lives in nations where there is an increase in the income differences. 40 percent which represents the poorest of the world population only contribute to 5% of the global income. Whereas, 20 percent which represents the rich are accounting for 75% of the global income (United Nations, 7). Multidimensional nature of poverty Poverty does no only entail lack of unsatisfied material needs or undernourishment. Other accompaniments include state of powerlessness. In the democratically organized nations, the poor people do not have a choice but to accept the political humiliations that they face. Since they feel ashamed of being unable to care and provide for their children, they lose hope with life, and they feel like they do not have anything to show beyond how they survive. From the 2000 Millennium Summit which was adopted during the United Nations Declaration, the leaders came up with some Millennium Development Goals (Karnani, np). The major goal was towards halving global poverty by 2015, which never worked so well even up to now. The progress towards meeting the target of reducing poverty has constantly been threatened by financial and economic crisis, which began during the Great Depression of the 1930s, which was a major hit to the world at a time it was recovering from the energy and food crises. The impact of poverty is mostly felt in the African countries, which depend on imported cereals, forming 80% of their dietary being imported (United Nations, 6). When poverty strikes, children are majorly affected. The children always suffer the health and education setbacks when such crises come. When the families shrink the household budgets, the parents are forced to pull their children to leave school, with girls being the first target as compared to boys. From the 2009 – 2015 report, it constantly shows that more than 1.5 to 2.8 million children, especially infants may die in case the crisis will persist (United Nations, 7). It is attestable that international energy, food, economic and financial predicaments are the main causes of poverty in the global regions. They reverse the progress which is achieved so far towards realizing the internationally agreed development goals towards eradicating poverty. Besides these cause, climate change poses another severe risk to the reduction of poverty as well as threatening in undoing the decades of laying development efforts (Brady et al. 751). The confrontational impacts of change in climate are much evident as natural tragedies become common and devastating with developing countries being much susceptible and prone to these effects. Major victims of poverty globally Although poverty is said to be a global phenomenon, it is evident that those who feel it most are the poor people as well as developing countries. These developing countries are prone to the climate change effects because their institutional and financial capability towards anticipating and responding to the adverse impacts of financial changes are greatly insufficient (Pearce, 122). Many of the sectors which are providing the basic services for livelihood to the poor people living in the developing countries are not able to deal with the current stresses and variability of climate changes in these particular countries. Poverty eradication as an ethical and moral imperative The eradication of poverty is considered to be both moral as well ethical imperative, with its course being the governing standards of United Nations. Living poverty and hunger-free life if considered to be among the fundamental freedoms and human rights that every individual need to enjoy, according to the â€Å"Universal Declaration of Human Rights†. Article 25, clause 1 of this Declaration states that any person has the right to living adequately both for health and wellbeing, and even the family when it comes to commodities like clothing, medical attention, clothes and basic needs. The United Nations' General Assembly also recognizes extreme poverty is a great defilement of human privileges, including the right of living as well. Hence, one of the basic United Nations' goals is towards promoting high living standards, with employment as well as social and economic development, as defined by the articles 55 and 56 of the same Declaration (United Nations, 8). Poverty is also the violation of some of the fundamental standards of social justice. Social justice, in its broad sense, emphasizes the key standards of non-segregation as well as fairness including the political, civic, cultural, economic and social rights. These principles, when rightly applied, will give rise to the socio-political priorities and reduce the vulnerability, segregation and discrimination development (Cobbinah et al. 28). The social justice has a requirement that every individual should have an equal living standard, and that those people who live in poverty should be receiving assistance and support in case they lack the means of living their lives of human dignity and worth. Growth, inequality and poverty eradication A successful and sustained reduction of poverty is fully dependent on the pace of a country's development growth. Most of the East Asian countries have affirmed that poverty can be reduced. Most of the successful example of a quick reduction in poverty in this modern age, also confirms that the nations with equivalent delivery of its resources and revenue develop faster than the nations with high inequality degree. High smallholder's output, investment of human capital, economies of scale are just by suggestive factors towards accounting the reason that great equality has a concision with fast growth. Rapid industrial investment expansion as well as jobs to enable the surplus labor to be absorbed also show a good experience on the reduction on poverty levels (Babcock, np). The continuing reduction of poverty in the East Asian region does not only depend on the results of unleashing the market powers. However, it lies in the states' continual forge on the social contract. The contract was designed towards ensuring jobs expansion in the labor-intensive industries to employ the unskilled labor and reduce poverty. Also, the contract works towards effecting a shift to technologically demanding activities for competitive benefits in the international markets for future increased living standards. Rethinking of poverty currently Since the United Nations adopted the Millennium Declaration in 2000, various nations in Latin America and Africa have recognized a fast growth in economy, with benefits from high prices of commodities. Most of the developing countries are achieving macroeconomic stability, with a balance in their public finances. The investors are nowadays willing to invest in the developing countries, because the financial markets are thriving in liquidity. Foreign Direct Investment or FDI is on its rise, especially on the countries which are resource-rich, while the mining countries are still the advantage of the high prices of the minerals (Pearce, 124). The strong growth and development of countries like India and China help in reducing the global poverty rates, not only within themselves but also with the trading partners' economies. The world strategy towards economic growth is essential in the reduction of poverty. Those convinced that economic growth is offering the better way towards reducing poverty and the benefit of the poor from globalization would make the world a better place. However, the main problem is with the crises in food and energy as well as global economic and financial crisis. As per now, the World Bank has revised the â€Å"dollar-a-day† methodology as well as the poverty estimates (Babcock, np). The world has come to the point of accepting the poverty reduction is something complex and needs conventional wisdom. Hence it calls for a more oriented and progressive state of activism and universality, rather than selectivity towards the social policy. Conclusion There is also hope that through the highlight of moral obligation to handle poverty as a human right and fundamental, social spending problem will be automatically resisted at this time of economic hardship. However, the ultimate role of handling poverty as well as climate change is lying on the hands of governments. The developed words must play their role to support the developing countries' efforts in achieving the globally agreeable developmental goals towards ensuring there is an establishment of an inclusive, peaceful and prosperous world which is free from poverty, hunger, deprivation, and indignity.

American foreign policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

American foreign policy - Essay Example heir own spheres of influence, thus playing a role in shaping the final outcome within the policy making process. Keeping in line with what Robert Divine had once remarked, â€Å"From the Revolution to the Cold War, Americans have been willing to fight for their interests, their beliefs, and their ambitions† (Divine, 1965, 172), there are clear evidences which suggest that the American foreign policies after the WWII, have roots in its domestic issues, concerns, and interests. Various researches on the subject of US international relations have distinguished 3 specific factors that appear to exert their influences on the foreign policies of the country, especially after the end of the WWII. ... Discussion The official goals of US foreign policies as stated by the government, are "to create a more secure, democratic, and prosperous world for the benefit of the American people and the international community" (US department of state and U.S. Agency for International Development, 2007). While examining the factors that work towards achieving these goals, the first potent question that arises in one’s mind is the fundamental query as to â€Å"who governs?†(Dahl, 1961) This question has been the subject of many studies, related to American politics, and has given rise to many debates within the realms of international relations. The question in the arena of international relations relates to the general attributes of the so called ‘domestic roots’ that help to shape US foreign policies; the democratic aspects in the behaviour of US towards other countries, globally; and whether its national concerns and interests aid in shaping its foreign policies. By seeking an answer to the basic question as to which of these factors actually influence the US government officials the most, would help the reader to understand the determinants of the country’s foreign policies. In this context, we will first examine the 3 main factors considered to have a strong influence in the shaping of US foreign policies. Theories on the nature of the influence of public opinion: Median voter theory contends that the voter preferences for any government policy have a strong influence on the state officials, as these preferences often turn out to be the deciding factor during the electoral results. Various researches and the subsequent

The Dowry system in India Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Dowry system in India - Research Paper Example Kautilya believed that there is absolutely no guilt for a wife to project such property regimes of hers in maintaining her son or even her daughter-in-law. One should not forget her own role in essence as well (Nazzari 1991). The dowry was a security that the girl would take with her into her new life in case of any adversity that may come. It was also a practice that would take place only among the wealthy families, but today it has seeped down to all levels in the Indian Society. The dowry system might have started as a sign of Good Blessings from the bride side, but today it has become a social evil which have taken the lives of many women all across India. The concept of dowry, somehow, evolved in to a practice in which the giving of dowry has become a compulsory act, which if not completed could mean that the girl is either not accepted or she is tortured after the wedding by her in-laws (Luthra 1999). The fear of â€Å"No Dowry, No Marriage† is too far spread in India. It was this social evil that resulted in the killing of Infant girls as soon as they were born, or having a low status as compared to the male siblings in the family. The birth of a girl became synonymous with the burden and cost of the dowry that she would be worth when her time for marriage would come. The concept of marriage however by the twenty first century became so commercialized that the grooms worth actually started to be determined by not only class and caste, but also by his qualifications and the prospect that he may have in the employment market. The highly prospect the groom is, higher is the expectation of the dowry. According to Leela Mullatti â€Å"the custom of dowry has taken the form of a market transition in all classes and castes irrespective of the level if education† (Shurmer-Smith 2000). The practice almost seems like that the bride’s family are suppose to keep the grooms family entice with the supply of the goods in the form of dowry and then

Evaluate the way in which 'Big Four' Tour Operators ( TUI, MyTravel, Essay

Evaluate the way in which 'Big Four' Tour Operators ( TUI, MyTravel, First Choice and Thomas Cook) have established a cartel within the package holiday market i - Essay Example In 2000, the ‘Big Four’ controlled over 75% of all outbound package tours. As the travel industry undergoes a change, the Big Four show that one size does not fit all (PWC, 2006). This paper evaluates the way they have established a cartel within the package holiday market in the UK but changing trends have revolutionized the industry. The UK is the fourth most important generating market for holidays, after US, Germany and Japan (Meyer, 2003). As the British prefer to use the services of a tour operator for long-haul destinations, this sector had increasingly become mainstream with British tour operators. The main trends in the industry are economies of scale and vertical integration. These strategies give the tour operators tremendous buying power and control over the supply and distribution of their products. Vertical integration means investment into other suppliers which gives them control over quality, availability, access and price, and the ability to reach consumers. Besides, it helps to limit competition. The regulatory authorities have been challenging how the Big Four exercise control at several stages in the distribution chain. The Big Four are all vertically integrated. This vertical integration takes the form of control, normally through ownership by a single group, of a tour operator, an airline and a retail travel agent (R&M, 1999). The travel agent Lunn Poly, owned by TUI, UK had 800 shops in 2000. Going Places is owned by MyTravel, Thomas Cook has 700 travel agents and First Choice owns 361 shops under the name of Travel Choice and related brands (Meyer). If a customer walked into a Travel Choice office he would not know that he was buying a First Choice package. To reduce such misunderstandings, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission (MMC), ordered that the notice of ownership must be displayed outside the shop, in brochures, on official stationery and in advertisements. All the Big Four tour operators had some airline in

Impacts of Gangsterism in USA 1919-1929 (History) Coursework

Impacts of Gangsterism in USA 1919-1929 (History) - Coursework Example ce there was widespread anxieties about the fears of the USA losing prospect of its traditional ways in the future.1 Tension heightened due to the epidemic of strikes that rose in the republic at the war’s end, majority of them resulted to high prices and various frustrated union-organization drives. The golden age of gangsterism was caught amidst sprawled shocking crimes. There were lush profits of illegal alcohol leading to mass police bribery. The republic experienced violent wars that broke up in its leading cities between several rival gangs-which were rooted in the immigrant neighborhoods. They were fighting to control the wealthy market of booze. The rival gangs used their sawed-off guns and machineguns to do away with the bootlegging competitors, who had attempted to muscle in on their premises. In 1920, a gang war broke up in Chicago leaving 500 mobsters dead.2 Few arrests were made, and the convictions were even lesser since the button-lipped gangsters took cover for one another with the underworlds policy of silence. Chicago was the most spectacular instance of lawlessness in America during this time. In the year 1925, â€Å"Scarface† Al Capone, who was a grasping and a murderous booze distributor, started six years of gang warfare, which netted him millions of dollars collected from blood-spattering.3 He drove through the streets in an armor-plated car which had bullet proof windows. He was a renowned public enemy number one, but he could not be convicted of the cold-blood massacres that took place in Chicago, on St. Valentine’s Day in 1929. He later served eleven years of detention in a federal penitentiary where he was accused of income tax evasion, and was later released as syphilitic wreck.4 Al Capone had six years of alcohol distribution, and this made him a millionaire. He may have looked like a businessman on vacation, but he had bigger and nastier businesses than most of the businessmen in Chicago. Gangsterism rapidly moved into other

American Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American Community - Essay Example Indeed, and as the case of example of the Asian American immigrants establishes, not only are groups divided between themselves but, within themselves. Affirmative action, primarily targeting the African American community, is alternately viewed as a means of leveling the playing ground and as a discriminatory practice. Insofar as its proponents are concerned, affirmative action effectively ensures that colleges and universities, among other institutions, maintain a quota for African American candidates/students. In this way, African Americans are assured a place in institutions which would have otherwise been closed to them, largely because of their socio-economic circumstances and, as such given an invaluable opportunity for mobility. It is important to note here that proponents regard affirmative action as society's responsibility towards the African American community and, the least of that which is owed them. Opponents, on the other hand, inclusive amongst which are some members of the African American community, maintain that affirmative action is inherently discriminatory and racist. ... rican American community does suffer from a more restricted range of opportunities than does the majority and in light of the fact that latent racism may further constrain these opportunities, affirmative action is necessary. Indeed, rather than consider it a negative remark on the abilities of African Americans, it could be more properly understood as a policy predicated on a lack of faith in society's own ability to judge African Americans on their own merit, rather than their skin color. Further fortifying the importance of affirmative action is the status of African Americans on all of the socio-economic indicators versus that of a comparatively recent immigrant group, the Asians. In direct comparison to the African American's close to four centuries of history in the United States, the Asian American's history in the United States is short, with the first immigration wave dating to the mid-nineteenth century. This first influx of Asian immigrants was almost wholly comprised of Chinese manual laborers. Before this ethnic population could swell in numbers, Chinese immigration exclusionary measures were instigated in 1882, effectively halting Chinese immigration while encouraging Japanese Asian immigration. Eventually, however, discriminatory policies, halted Asian immigration to America from the 1920s to the 1960s. Anti-Asian sentiments, as which instigated the implementation of discriminatory and exclusionary immigration policies, reached its peak during World War II. Japan's alliance with Nazi Germany and most especially its attack on Pearl Harbor, led to widespread violence against Asian Americans. Indeed, following the said attack, Japanese Americans were interned in camps, unthinkingly classified as enemies despite the fact that many had been born in

Company selection Paper Week 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Company selection Paper Week 1 - Essay Example All its numbers must be in order and to provide all the necessary information about important accounting issues the company in its annual report includes a managerial discussion and analysis session. In the 2006 annual report the company referred to deferred income tax assets as an important subject matter. Deferred income tax assets are the recognition of excess taxes paid above the tax liability (Petretto, 2004). In many jurisdictions companies that have an annual loss in their income statement can obtain a tax benefit that deducts the tax liability; this also creates a deferred income tax asset. In the company’s MD&A for 2006 Pet Smart explains its method for recognizing deferred tax assets. The company establishes deferred income tax assets or liabilities for the temporary differences between the financial reporting utilizing the expected tax rates to guide the company in creating an accurate estimate (Annual Report, 2006). The company also establishes an allowance for deferred taxes in case their estimates are inaccurate. The carry forward tax privileges the company obtain after a bad fiscal year are never offset since and are utilized whenever possible according to the generally accepted accounting principles. These types of accounting transaction are occurring in many different locations throughout North America and each of them are recording and tracked independently of each other according to the fiscal laws of the state. The company follows the law closely and if there is any change in particular state law regarding the issues of deferred taxes the company makes the necessary adjustments in the account to comply with the new laws or regulations. The company keeps close relationships with state and city tax authorities and in cases when company underestimates tax liabilities it immediately settles the income tax expense

Objectives Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Objectives - Assignment Example The assumptions that are contained in the theory are put into practice to determine if they stand as claimed or otherwise. On the other side, research is the process of coming up with new ideas and knowledge in the nursing discipline through either laboratory tests or experiments or going out to the field and collecting data for analysis. Research is what is on the ground, and any information that is as a result of research is deemed to be accurate and thus ideal for making informed decisions (Tappen, 2011). The three elements correlate as they depend on each other. For instance, research is the initial step among them all; personnel go out to the field and collect empirical data for analysis. However, most nursing research is laboratory based where experiments and tests are conducted to ascertain some principles or facts. Once the research has been established a theoretical framework or documentation is developed on which individuals who want to further their knowledge in a particular field learn from (Moule & Goodman, 2009). Theory is what is taught in nursing schools after research has been conducted, and the relevant theoretical frameworks designed. Nursing is a practical discipline thus all the knowledge that is learned theoretically in class has to be put into actual practice, which entails dispensing theoretical knowledge that is taught in class in a real world environment to ensure it is consistent with what had been earlier researched. Therefore, practice is what the entire nursing profession is built on as it is the act of rendering services to the patients (Moule & Goodman, 2009). However, discrepancies between practice and standards can be identified by comparing the outcome from the practical work with the standard’s that had been established earlier. It is prudent that standards are accurate and so that the outcome of the practical work can reflect what had been set earlier. Thus, discrepancies are dangerous as

Final Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Final - Assignment Example Consumers who purchase these foods often have tight schedules that cannot allow them to be preparing food at any time. People also prefer buying frozen food due to health concerns. Some are keen to avoid being obese and thus prefer frozen foods due to their low cholesterol content. Television sets purchase is influenced by economic factors. Economic factors mainly centers on a person’s financial status. The wealthy are able to buy bigger and more advanced television than the common people. The choice of buying a television depends on the money one has available at his or her disposal (Armstrong, 2009). For a company to build and manage a brand strategy they must make decisions on the way to add value to their products. This is by use of distinct style, and design, good style makes the product to be attractive to the customers. This can decrease production cost and enhance the reputation of the product thus beating of competition. Nestle USA products have distinct designs and styles which make them stand out from the rest. With the name, they have built in the market they do not spend much on advertisements because people already know them. Choice of packaging is also an important decision to be made by the management. Good packaging means the products becomes more attractive to the customer hence promoting sales. The Nestle USA products have some of the best packaging methods for their products. This ensures their product continues to attract the required attention and the same time maintain their mark of quality. (Armstrong, 2009). Market segmentation is the division of a market in terms of its demographics geographical boundaries and political nature. This creates distinct submarkets with distinct needs and interests. Through segmentation, it is possible for one to get a target market from a division whose interest fit with ones products. The five characteristics of a substantial market segment are measurability, accessibility,

Hamlet Essay Example for Free

Hamlet Essay Shakespeares Hamlet remains at the pinnacle of high culture texts and the cannon as one of the most iconic texts in the modern world. Hamlet is a deeply philosophical in which grapples with metaphysical questions- existential in nature that underpins the human ethos. It is through the highly charged language, textual integrity and use of meta-theatrical techniques that ensure the plays modernity and continuing resonance in society through multiple perspectives. Hamlet is a revenge tragedy play that reveals the conflicting social paradigms of patriarchal Elizabethan society in transition, wherein the forces of reformation and renaissance were usurping the older world of medieval feudalism and hierarchy. The play also reflects the concerns of a society that questioned their social roles particularly the divine and moral standards of the church and crown. The play captures the spirit of inquiry through its opening question whos there? revealing the plays search for identity and truth- both literal and metaphorical- in which Hamlet drives at the moral centre of the play. Hamlet is essentially a grand narrative that follows the strictly controlled linear revenge tragedian format with Prince Hamlet as the avenging tragic hero. His role is indeed profound and equivocal; he questions the nature of freewill whilst seeking affirmation through the ghost to avenge his fathers murder. Yet it is by Hamlets pivotal flaws of hesitancy and uncertainty that he authors his own downfall and those innocents around him. Shakespeare reflects the conflicting values of his context through Hamlets statement o cursed spite that I was ever born to set it right he is torn between conflicting notions of medieval paganism and vengeance opposed to Christian humanism that demanded restraint and rationality. Yet it is through Hamlets melancholy and his questioning of humanity that the play becomes highly philosophical and personal drawing audiences in with the beauty of poetic language. Perspectives of Hamlet such as Kenneth Brannaghs 1996 film production and Marion Pots 2008 Bell Shakespeare theatre production demonstrate the plays continuing iconic status in society and its seamless ability to be re-appropriated into new contexts and perspectives. Brannaghs perspective of Hamlet is traditional, yet he stresses the conflict between truth and appearance through his stage design. The film depicts C19th castle of Elsinore, resplendent in its colourful pageantry, overpowering pristine white and extravagant costuming. Brannaghs implementation of secret hallways, mirrors and Hamlets dark clothing is juxtaposed to this lavish world that metaphorically reveals the entrenched and pervasive corruption that underlie this facade. Shakespeare stresses this notion through use of recurring extended metaphor in the rank, vile and un-weeded garden. This conflict between truth and appearance is illuminated in Act 3 Scene 2 via the play within the play. The acting on all levels in this scene causes the play to become highly reflexive and meta-theatrical, audiences are alerted to its constructed nature as twere a mirror up to nature yet also cautioning audiences over the masks that are constructed by people to disguise truth. The scenes reflexive and modernist techniques allow us to contemplate upon the nature of appearances demonstrating the iconic relevancy of the play. Brendan Cowells depiction of Hamlet in Pots Sydney production is that seemingly of a highly intellectual yet rebellious C21st college student. Cowell plays the role ironically subverting the worlds of adults through wit, puns and sarcasm that draws audiences into the plays self described comedic and cathartic nature. Potts perspective of Hamlet invokes a feeling of moral malaise through stage design. The use of worn dated clothing and seemingly dark decaying walls that seep water- hinting at underlying corruption and subverting the cleansing connotations of water. The presence of a large dominating spiral staircase gives the play a subterranean and stygian atmosphere that effectively alerts audiences towards looming mortality and hidden truth. In Act 2 Scene 2 Hamlet reflects upon the majesty of man- oh what piece of work is man- yet this is ironically juxtaposed to his own self disillusionment. Shakespeares movement from iambic pentameter to prose reflects Hamlets own loss of mirth; whilst also demonstrating the power of Shakespeares use of textual integrity to allow audiences to sympathise and connect to Hamlet. Hamlets paradoxical nature is revealed through evocative imagery concerning the goodness of humanity how like an angel yet this is subverted by Hamlets melancholy in his role as the avenger. Shakespeare juxtaposes this speech to his most iconic soliloquy to be or not to be in Act 3 Sc 1; the balanced opening thesis demonstrates our fear of the eternal mystery beyond death as opposed to the continuance of the hardships in life. The poetic and transcendent nature of Shakespeares language is demonstrated through his iconic sustained metaphor of death as the undiscovered country . This metaphor gives death a normality yet we are forever cautioned away by its eternal mystery. The soliloquy is highly evocative, subverting deaths connotations by giving it a tantalising quality through its ability to give us sleep, perchance dream. The speech causes audiences to reflect upon death, challenging our perceptions of life, whilst demonstrating Hamlets frustration at his own inaction and weakness that ironically drive the philosophical nature of the play. Shakespeares mediation on mortality continues in Act 5 Sc 1 which employs use of black humour and satire to subvert deaths connotations whilst providing comedic relief through the gravediggers banter. Hamlets monologue with Yorricks skull illuminates the finality and inexorable nature of mortality. The scene moves from satire and comedy to increasing seriousness with dramatic irony at Hamlets lack of knowledge of Ophelias death. The scene is juxtaposed to the entry of the coffin, taking on a deeper poignancy as it illuminates the irony of Hamlets feigned insanity as opposed to Ophelias true madness that resulted in her tragic demise causing audiences to reflect upon the nature of existence and fate. Ultimately Shakespeare affirms the existence of destiny at the end of the play through Hamlets statement there is a divinity that shapes our ends, coming down upon the religious paradigms of his day. Hamlet is a play challenges and questions our conventional paradigms and beliefs through Shakespeares mastery of literary technique, textual integrity and Hamlets contemplations. As a result the play examines universal concerns of humanity ensuring the plays continuing iconic status in society.

Tree of Life in Evolution: A Discussion

Tree of Life in Evolution: A Discussion Introduction The tree of life in science describes the relationships of all life on Earth in an evolutionary context. Charles Darwin talks about envisioning evolution ; however, the books sole illustration is of a branched diagram that is very tree-like. The evolutionary relationships of the tree of life were refined using genetic data by the great American microbiologist Carl Woese, the discoverer of the domain Archaea and a pioneer in genetic methods in evolutionary biology. Homology and homoplasy are two aspects of evolution. Homology is the concept where two similar structures have the same functions and they are derived through descent from a common ancestor. The two other external factors affecting genetic variation Vertically generated and horizontally acquired variation. Vertically generated and horizontally acquired variation Vertically generated and horizontally acquired variation are the yin and the yang of the evolutionary process. They are very important to make evolution possible. Each of them is different in evolutionary impact. Vertically generated variation is highly restricted in character, it amounts to variations on a lineages existing cellular themes. Whereas for horizontal transfer, it can call on the diversity of the entire biosphere and systems that have evolved under all manner of conditions, in a great variety of different cellular environments. Thus, horizontally derived variation is the major evolutionary source of true innovation in novel enzymatic pathways and novel membrane transporter. Vertically generated variation is not very easy to manage and use. Vertically generated variation hold the key to the evolution of biological complexity and specificity. The essence of vertically generated variation on a lineages existing themes is the principal way in which biological specificity and cellular integration evolve. A horizontal acquisition of true novelty and a predominantly vertical generation of complexity and functional differentiation, and integration are the two forces whose interchange propels the evolution of the cell. Although horizontal transfer and vertical inheritance generally have very different evolutionary consequences, there are conditions important in the present context under which their effects copy one another, like two peas in a pod. Horizontal gene transfer is any process which an organism incorporates genetic material from another organism without being the offspring of that organism. By comparing with vertical transfer, it occurs when an organism receives genetic material from its ancestor like its evolved parent. Most scientists have focused on vertical transfer, but there is a awareness that horizontal gene transfer is a highly significant phenomenon, and amongst single-celled organisms are the dominant form of genetic transfer. Artificial horizontal gene transfer is a form of genetic engineering. The Cambrian explosion The Cambrian explosion or radiation was the seemingly rapid appearance of most major groups of complex animals around 530 million years ago, as evidenced by the fossil record. This was accompanied by a major diversification of other organisms, including animals, phytoplankton, and calcimicrobes. Before about 580 million years ago, most organisms were simple, composed of individual cells occasionally organized into colonies. Over the following 70 or 80 million years the rate of evolution accelerated by an order of magnitude in terms of the extinction and origination rate of species and the diversity of life began to resemble today. The Cambrian explosion has generated extensive scientific debate. The seemingly rapid appearance of fossils in the Primordial Strata was noted as early as the mid 19th century,and Charles Darwin saw it as one of the main objections that could be made against his theory of evolution by natural selection. The long-running puzzlement about the appearance of the Cambrian fauna, seemingly abruptly and from nowhere, centers on three key points: whether there really was a mass diversification of complex organisms over a relatively short period of time during the early Cambrian; what might have caused such rapid evolution; and what it would imply about the origin and evolution of animals. Interpretation is difficult due to a limited supply of evidence, based mainly on an incomplete fossil record and chemical signatures left in Cambrian rocks. The Cambrian explosion can be viewed as two waves of metazoan expansion into empty niches. Firstly, a co-evolutionary rise in diversity as animals explored niches on the Ediacaran sea floor, followed by a second expansion in the early Cambrian as they became established in the water column. The rate of diversification seen in the Cambrian phase of the explosion is unparalleled among marine animals: it affected all metazoan clades of which Cambrian fossils have been found. Later radiations, such as those of fish in the Silurian and Devonian periods, involved fewer taxa, mainly with very similar body plans. Although the recovery from the Permian-Triassic extinction started with about as few animal species as the Cambrian explosion, the recovery produced far fewer significantly new types of animals. Whatever triggered the early Cambrian diversification opened up an exceptionally wide range of previously-unavailable ecological niches. When these were all occupied, there was little room for such wide-ranging diversifications to occur again, because there was strong competition in all niches and incumbents usually had the advantage. If there had continued to be a wide range of empty niches, clades would be able to continue diversifying and become disparate enough for us to recognise them as different phyla when niches are filled, lineages will continue to resemble one another long after they diverge, as there is limited opportunity for them to change their life-styles and forms. There is a similar one-time explosion in the evolution of land plants: after a cryptic history beginning about 450 million years ago, land plants underwent a uniquely rapid adaptive radiation during the Devonian period, about 400 million years ago. Different Historical Fossil Records Of Plant And Animal Life Plant life during the cambrian and ordovician which are the first two periods of the paleozoic era was confined to the water. Algae of immense size several hundred feet in length dominated the seas. Land plants came into existence in silurian time in the form of strange little vascular plants named the psilophytes. In the carboniferous period, imposing spore bearing trees lepidodendrids and calamites, and primitive naked seeded plants pteridosperms and cordaites reached their peak of development. The end of the paleozoic era marked the extinction of the majority of the luxuriant trees of the carboniferous coal swamps. The mesozoic era was the age of gymnosperms as evidenced by the abundance of cycads, ginkgoes and conifers. Flowering plants in the form of angiosperm rose to ascendancy toward the close of the mesozoic era and established themselves as the dominant plant group on the earth. In animal life, many of the invertebrate groups were already highly diversified and abundant in the cambrian the first period of the paleozpic era 600 million years ago. The paleozoic era called the age of invertebrates with its multitude of nautiloids, eurtpterids and trilobites. Brachiopods with hinged valves were the commonest shellfish of the paleozoic seas. In the mesozic era, the air breathing insects and vertebrates in the shape of the widely distributed reptiles held the center of the stage. Birds and mammals became prominent in the cenozoic era and the human species arrived on the scene in the closing stages of this era. Paleontologist study the fossil record based on boundaries between strata where one mix of fossils gives way to another. Transitional links are intermediate between major groups. Archeopteryx has features intermediate between primitive reptiles and birds. Eustheopteron is fish ancestral to amphibians. Seymoria is amphibian ancestral to reptiles. Therapsids are reptiles ancestral to mammals. Data are understandable assuming humans and chimpanzees share a more recent commn ancestor than do humans and ducks or yeast. Biochemical evidence is generally consistent with anatomical similarity of organisms. Tortoises, lizards, sunflower trees and other unqiue plants and animals on the islands were similar to forms on the mainland of south american as they were descended from those organisms. The differences between each island group resulted from the inhabitants of each island having been isolated from each other and changing slowly and separately in response to the conditions on their own island. Factors Affecting The Pace Of Species Evolution The factors affecting species who had evolved significantly overtime while other species did not evolve as much are due to biological factors like point mutation and viruses infection where DNA is easily attacked and attracted by viruses. There are also one other important factor that support it. Natural selection, in the form of overproduction of offspring, constancy of numbers, struggle for existence where members of a species were constantly competing with each other in an effort to survive and only a few will live long enough to breed. There were also variation among the offspring, survival of the fittest where only the strongest will survive the tough condition. Like produce like and last but not least, the formation of new species where individuals lacking favourable characteristic are less likely to survive long enough to breed. The inheritance of one small variation will not by itself produce a new species. However, the development of a number of variations in a particular di rection over many generation will gradually lead to the evolution of a new species. Conclusion The prokaryotes, the bacteria and archaea have the ability to transfer genetic information between unrelated organisms through Horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Recombination, gene loss, duplication, and gene creation are a few of the processes by which genes can be transferred within and between bacterial and archael species, causing variation that is not due to vertical transfer. There is emerging evidence of HGT occurring within the prokaryotes at the single and multicell level and the view is now emerging that the tree of life gives an incomplete picture of lifes evolution. It was a useful tool in understanding the basic processes of evolution but cannot explain the full complexity of the situation. Ultimately, i concluded that tree of life is correct and accurate to a certain extent but the informations obtained was not enough and completed. REFERENCE HTTP://shiva.msu.montana.edu/courses/mb437_537_2004_fall/docs/uprooting.pdf HTTP://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/97/15/8392.pdf Futuyma, D. J. (1998) Evolutionary Biology. 3rd edn. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Assiociates, Inc. Long, J. A. (1995) The Rise Of Fishes: 500 million years of evolution. Australia, Sydney: University of New South Wales Press. Solomon, E. P, Berg, L. R Martin D. W. (2002) Biology. 6th edn. Thomson Learning, Inc.

Animal Testing Kills :: Animal Testing

Hundreds of animals are dying everyday, and it can be avoided. Animal testing in thousands of companies is killing animals every day. In the essay They Knew But Little , the Kentuckians didn't care much about the environment, and today, there are still too many people that don't see that animal testing is cruel and unnecessary. Toxicity tests are inconclusive. The Lethal Dose 50% test or LD- 50 forces increasing amounts of a test product until half of the test group dies. Animals are fed or injected with cosmetic products... As the dose increases internal organs become blocked, rupture, and cause animals' organs to not function and they bleed on the inside. If the animals are not murdered in the test, they are killed afterwards. Toxicity tests determine the effective toxicity for animals but not humans. They determine the toxic level for mice, dogs, rabbits, cats and chimpanzees, but not for young or old men and women. Some animals die in the test as a result of the volume of material, not the toxicity of the material. Most important, is the number of animals that suffer unnecessarily: why pour drain cleaner down the throats of animals, when humans would never do such a thing? Eye irritancy tests are outdated. Companies use the Draize Test to determine the irritancy of household products and cosmetics including laundry soap, toilet cleaner, perfumes and shampoos. The animal being tested on is tied up so that movement is restricted. They are not given any pain killers or anything. Substances are dripped into the eyes of the animal ( usually rabbits in eye tests), and results are recorded over a period of three to twenty days. Some bad reactions result in irritation or blindness. Rabbit's eyes have thinner corneas, and are more sensitive to inflammation than humans eyes. That is why it doesn't make sense to test something on an eye that will react differently to a humans. Skin tests are also not very cute... They shave the area that will be tested on the animal, and then rub the product on the shaved skin. If the skin reacts badly to the product, they break their necks, throw them away, change the product then test it on another animal! So you ask... What if the skin doesnt react... They kill the animal anyways because they say that if they tested another product on it, and the product reacted, it could just be reacting to the other product that was tested firstly on the skin.

Karl Marxs Life and Work Essay -- Karl Marx Biography Biographies Ess

Karl Marx's Life and Work As a German philosopher, a politician, and an important figure within the Communist League, Karl Heinrich Marx birthed a new way of looking at things through his beliefs, ideas, and writings. Karl Marx was considered to be â€Å"†¦certainly one of the most important minds of modern times†(1). He wanted to know more about philosophy, so that he might understand the political and social system better. http://csf.colorado.edu/mirrors/marxists.org/archive/marx/photo/index.htm On May 5th, 1818, in Trier, Karl Marx was born of Heinrich and Henrietta Marx in the German Rhineland. Studies say that Karl’s family was of a large size, consisting of about four children: Karl, Sophie, Emilie, and Luise. His mother, whom belonged to a family of Hungarian Jews, died in 1863,yet was always considered to be a lovely wife and mother. The Jewish blood that ran through the family ultimately impacted Karl’s fate. When Karl was six years old, he adopted Christianity because at the time it was considered as an act of civilized progress. His father, a highly educated lawyer whom admired eighteenth century literature (of the French Enlightenment), was a â€Å"Prussian patriot† and a Jewish believer. Karl and his father held a personal relationship, to which they enjoyed a close friendship. His father did indeed influence him greatly, but Karl â€Å"did not believe in the power of rational argument to influence action,† (2) as did his father . In high school, Marx was a good student, whom often expressed interest in the peasant community. He also evolved into a reader of new romantic literature. In 1835, he was a student at the University of Bonn and had ... ...death influence the lives of many. Notes: 1. Robert C. Tucker, Philosophy and Myth in Karl Marx (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2001), 233. 2. Isaiah Berlin, Karl Marx: His Life and Environment, 4th ed. (Oxford [Eng.]; New York: Oxford University Press, 1978), 22. 3. Franz Mehring, â€Å"Karl Marx: The Story of His Life†, Chapter One: Early Years, October 2000 http://www.marxists.org/archieve/mehring/works/marx/ch01.htm (10-29-01) 4. Mehring, 3 5. Mehring, 6 6. David Riazanov, â€Å"Karl Marx and Frederick Engels†, An Introduction to Their Lives and Work, 1927, . 7. Riazanov, ch 2 8. Riazanov,ch 4 9. David Mclellan, Karl Marx: His Life and Thought (New York, Evanston, San Francisco, London, 1973), 451.

Crime and Punishment Summary Essay -- essays research papers

One July day in St. Petersburg, a poor young man slips out of his apartment and goes out. He is Rodion Romanych Raskolnikov, a former student, and he is preoccupied with something. He arrives at the apartment of Alyona Ivanovna, a pawnbroker, where he is attempting a trial of the unknown deed obsessing him. He has pawned something to this woman a month before, and now pawns an old watch for much less than he had hoped to get. As the woman gets her money, he watches and listens very carefully, storing up details in his memory. He leaves after vaguely mentioning that he may come back soon with another pledge. Tormented, he wanders down the street, mentally at war with himself. He happens upon a tavern, where he stops to eat and drink something, and feels better after doing so. There, he meets Semyon Zakharovich Marmeladov, a retired official and a drunkard. Marmeladov pours out his life story to Raskolnikov, telling about his consumptive wife Katerina Ivanovna, his three small children, and his oldest daughter Sofya (Sonya), who has had to prostitute herself to earn money for the family. Marmeladov himself had recently acquired a position, but almost immediately lost it through his alcoholism. He has been away from home for five days, having stolen his salary money and spent it all on drink. Marmeladov asks Raskolnikov to take him home. Rodion does so, and witnesses how Katerina Ivanovna falls on her husband and drags him about by his hair. She kicks Raskolnikov out, assuming him to be a drinking partner of her husband's. As he leaves, he places a handful of change on their windowsill unnoticed. Outside, he regrets this action, but knows he cannot go back to get the money. The next day, he awakens feeling unrested. Nastasya, the landlady's servant, comes in with some tea for him, as well as leftovers from the previous day's meal (since he is behind on his rent, the landlady has stopped sending his dinner up to him). She also tells him that he has received a letter. Agitated, he sends her to get it, and orders her out of the room so he can read it. The letter is from his mother, Pulcheria Alexandrovna, and mostly concerns his sister Avdotya Romanovna, or Dunya. Dunya had been working as a governess in the house of the Svidrigailov family, but the husband's unfortunate attraction to her led the wife to kick Dunya out on the assumption that the girl had ini... ...ainder of the day wandering about and settling his affairs, and shoots himself the next morning. Later that day, Rodya goes to see his mother for the last time before turning himself in. He then hurries home, where he finds Dunya waiting for him. He takes leave of her and goes to Sonya. She gives him a cross. He rushes out rudely, not even saying goodbye to her, impatient to get it over with, even though he can't understand why he should go, because he still does not see his act as a crime. He goes to the station, with Sonya following him. He finds out that Svidrigailov is dead, and, stunned, leaves without confessing; but Sonya is waiting for him, and he goes back upstairs and confesses. Rodya is exiled to Siberia, where Sonya follows him. Dunya marries Razumikhin. Pulcheria Alexandrovna dies. Sonya writes to the Razumikhins about Rodya. He is unsociable and hated by his fellow prisoners. He falls ill. At the end of his illness, Sonya herself is ill, and he misses her. When she recovers, she goes to him, and he at last repents truly, falling at her feet and weeping. Having finally recognized his sin, he is resurrected†¹able to love Sonya and look forward to his life with her.

Characters’ Transformation Essay

Pride and Prejudice is one of the most popular novels written by Jane Austen which was first published in 1813. It is more than a story of love which revolves around the lives of the Bennett family and the wealthy male visitors of Hertfordshire. The wide variety of personalities in the story contributed to the novel’s attractive and compelling features to date. However, the novel apparently portrayed several transformations in relation to the main characters. Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy were clearly different kinds of people who later proved themselves to be the ideal match for each other. Clearly, the transformation of Elizabeth and Darcy’s characters were made possible by their own pride and prejudices against each other. This fact, therefore, illustrates the idea that the character transformation would most likely not occur without the shortcomings and hasty judgments of the two main characters of the Jane Austen’s famous novel. Character Transformation Thoroughly reviewing the whole context of the story, the diverse personalities of the characters are what made it possible to arrive in a certain character transformation. Each character is provided a characteristic that is distinct to other characters. Elizabeth Bennett, an interesting character indeed, possesses traits which are very much different from her sisters. Here is one of her statements to Darcy included in Chapter 19 where she rejects him the first time he proposed to marry her and considered to be one of the pivotal turns in the story which caused the change in both Elizabeth and Darcy’s character: I do assure you, Sir, that I have no pretension whatever to that kind of elegance which consists in tormenting a respectable man. I would rather be paid the compliment of being believed sincere. I thank you again and again for the honor you have done me in your proposals, but to accept them is absolutely impossible. My feelings in every respect forbid it. Can I speak plainer? Do not consider me now as an elegant female, intending to plague you, but as a rational creature, speaking the truth from her heart (Austen 97). Elizabeth Bennett’s character speaks much of a strong personality which is extremely opinionated and bold. Unlike her younger sisters, she does not allow social status and wealth to interfere with her standards for love. However, in her statement, prejudices toward Darcy are evident for she has already judged him without knowing him well first. However, at the end of the story, she regrets having misjudged the man upon knowing the real Fitzwilliam Darcy. On the other hand, Darcy’s character also reveals pride and prejudice on his first impression towards Elizabeth. His statement where she declared Elizabeth as tolerable but not beautiful enough to interest him because of her poor social status discloses how proud he was to avoid being acquainted with such a woman (Austen 9). Similarly, he took back his word when he found out how interesting and intelligent Elizabeth was which led him to confess his feelings and offer a marriage proposal. Unfortunately, his first proposal was rejected. Upon the end of the novel, it is reasonable to conclude that Elizabeth Bennett and Fitzwilliam Darcy actually have similar characteristics which can be considered ironic. Both are intelligent, witty, opinionated, and proud. There are also instances when they have exposed acts of prejudices towards some characters in the story, primarily themselves. Elizabeth deemed Darcy to be an extremely arrogant and proud man when she accidentally heard him say that he was not interested in her due to her poor status in the society. She thought him to be a spoiled wealthy man who is unsociable and selfish. In return, Darcy also showed his prejudices towards her by thinking that she was not right for him because she belonged to the lower class part of the society. Hence, the situation indicates how their impulsive and superficial judgments of each other led them to take back their words and eradicate their pride and prejudices towards each other. They gradually transformed into humble beings who were capable of admitting and accepting their shortcomings. According to Christopher Booker, author of The Seven Basic Plots: What we see here is a story completely shaped by the underlying form of Comedy, but in a new kind of treatment where the conventions about misunderstandings, disguises, failure to recognize identity and ‘dark’ figures getting caught out are no longer presented in the terms of the old stage devices, but rather more subtly, in terms of the gradual revelation of people’s true character from behind first mistaken impressions, and the discovery of true feelings, in a way which corresponds more to our experience of life (Booker 134). Thus, two people, even with similar characteristics may not have similar outputs and can still be regarded contradictory in terms of beliefs. Like the characters in the story, all have distinct personalities which enabled them to decide the way they did. If Elizabeth did not hastily judged Darcy in the first place which led her into rejecting his first marriage proposal, Darcy would not have humbled himself into further pursuing Elizabeth despite her initial rejection. He would not have rescued her family from social disgrace and reveal his true nature. Simply put, Elizabeth would not have change her opinion about Darcy and most probably reject him still. She would not have fallen in love with him and change her ways of being filled with prejudices. The following scenarios created a huge impact in the maturity and development of the characters in the story which proves that the transformation is indeed dependent on the characters’ actions and decisions. According to Nhu Le’s online article entitled, The Individualization of Elizabeth Bennet, she points out that: Although Elizabeth comes to agree that Darcy’s previous actions were indeed justified . . . this transformation â€Å"disables† Elizabeth’s capacity to arrive at, and act upon, her own judgments. On the contrary, Darcy’s letter strengthens Elizabeth’s independence of mind. By accepting the fact that she has misjudged Darcy, Wickham, Jane, and Bingley, Elizabeth sharpens her ability to discern character. In turn, she develops a solidly based self-confidence (Le). As one critic puts it, â€Å"Both Elizabeth Bennet and Darcy develop an awareness of their place in the community and a recognition of the effects of their own speech† (Colebrook 158). Conclusion Clearly, the arguments stated above identify the concept that Elizabeth and Darcy’s character transformation would not have been possible without their mistakes and initial false impressions of each other. This validates the fact that their development as individuals is highly rooted from their decisions and hasty judgments—or rather their own pride and prejudices. Works Cited Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice: A Novel. London: R. Bentley. 1853. Booker, Christopher. The Seven Basic Plots: Why We Tell Stories. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2005. Colebrook, Claire. Irony. London: Routledge, 2004. Le, Nhu. The Individualization of Elizabeth Bennet. 16 December 2008.

Tom’s Of Maine Case Study

How should management accommodate a variety of conflicting spiritual perspectives in the workplace? An employer is required by law to reasonably accommodate a religious request unless the request presents undue hardship on the business. The trick is to make sure that the organization allows for each religious request on an equal basis. A good example of working to avoid the tensions and conflicts that might arise by mixing religion and work is the Ford Interfaith Network (FIN) which operates within Ford Motor Company.The Interfaith Network has a representative from each religion on the network’s executive committee. Questions about another member’s faith is asked and answered through formal channels developed by the Interfaith Network. The questions might be answered by a committee representative or by a guest religious scholar. Another company, Wells Fargo, one of the top 50 companies to make the Diversity list of 2005 has strict guidelines on the creation of employee- resource groups. Religious groups do not meet the criteria. According to the assistant vice president of corporate communications there are just too many religious groups to accommodate them all.However, Wells Fargo does permit informal religious gatherings on site. Os Hillman, an evangelical Christian, who advised companies such as Coca Cola and Toyota regarding faith-at-work issues, believes that companies â€Å"should promote fairness for each group and leave it at that.† Companies recognize that â€Å"faith and religion are an important part of an employee’s identity† and that religious diversity has a future in corporate America. Now companies must find a way to provide accommodations to conflicting spiritual perspectives in a way that is equal to everyone.These accommodations will make better employees and a better place to work. There are many companies who support and promote faith at work: American Express, AOL, American Airlines, Continental Airlines, Texas Instruments and Ford Motor Company. Each of these organizations has developed a system which successfully accommodates a variety of conflicting spiritual perspectives in the workplace.Tom Chappell created a spiritual framework for Tom’s of Maine, a family-owned business. Can such a framework be created for a publicly traded company? What differences might there be in its effects? The spiritual framework for Tom’s of Maine can definitely be created for publically traded  companies. Spiritual, religious, ethical and moral issues are now being given great weight and consideration in the business world. Society seems to want to focus more on family values and what is truly important in life.Diversity, equality, medical and business ethics, human rights, fair trade, and environmental issues are elemental considerations today. Promoting these values can make organizations more productive, and leaders who adhere to these standards are more sensitive to ethical issues. What is needed is more than ever is ethical leadership. Proof of the absence of good ethical leaders can be seen in the events of Enron, Bank of America, and Madoff’s ponzi scheme, to name a few.Tom and Kate Chappell believe it is crucial not to compromise your beliefs in order to turn a profit. The Chappell’s expressed strong personal values of respect for both people and nature. Through conflicts between the companies’ new talent and the Chappell’s, Tom enrolled at Harvard Divinity School where he immersed himself in writings of great moral and religious philosophers. Having new knowledge and a deeper understanding of the direction he wanted his company to go in he â€Å"devoted much time to formulating the company’s mission and beliefs and to molding a corporate culture that embodies these tenets.† (p. 177)What risks might an organizational encounter when encouraging the expression of spiritual values in the workplace? What are its advan tages? Tom’s of Maine might have risks involving the lack of understanding between employees and the company’s vision. However to avoid the Chappell’s believe that â€Å"there is a difference between requiring a workforce to embrace one’s religious beliefs and empowering all employees through a spiritual framework.† (p. 179) One advantage would be the Chappell’s setting the example.They are committed to donating 10% of the company’s pre-tax profits to nonprofit organizations. By giving back to their community (county, state, nation and world) they are a shining example of what they would like their employees to do. They also encourage their employees to do this by providing a â€Å"generous benefit package, including four weeks of parental leave for both mothers and fathers, as well as offers flexible work schedules, job sharing, and work-at-home programs. Child-care and elder-care  referral service is provided, and child care is p artially reimbursed for employees earning less than $32,500 annually.† (p. 178)

Hungry for LOVE

Everyone has desires, and one desire, love, is one for which most people crave. Pablo Neuron's poem â€Å"l Crave Your Mouth, Your Voice, Your Hair,† describes how someone is hungry for love. Other poets express this craving for love as fatal as others will tend to kill to be loved. In â€Å"Sonnet 43† by Elizabeth B. Browning and â€Å"Sonnet 116† by Shakespeare also express how powerful love can be. Although there are many differences, they share similarities with the devices they used to convey their messages.They both used imagery to describe the measurement of love in a creative way. Also, they used diction to express the realness in undying love. This is also shown through figurative language. The two sonnets use a wide variety of literary devices to clearly say love is forever. For Elizabeth and Shakespeare, love is far more complex than romance. They each discuss the measurement that is put on love through imagery, which helps define the overall meaning i n the poems. In Sonnet 43, line 2, it reads † I love thee to the depth and breadth and height. Elizabeth found a creative way to depict images of space, time, and eternity. She's basically saying there's no set height of how much she loves his person. In sonnet 1 16, line 8, Shakespeare says â€Å"whose worth's unknown, although his height be taken. † He's clearly saying we don't know the value of love, but we're always trying to measure it. Nevertheless, the two sonnets use imagery to help clarify that if it is true love, then it can not be measured nor contained; it will forever prosper past limitations.In Sonnet 43 and Sonnet 1 16, the diction used is quite different in tones, but they both state the same overall meaning. In Elizabethan Sonnet, 43, her word choice voiced a tone of Joy, proud, and strength. The words she used like freely, grace, all my life, and passion all meant that her love was unconditional for this person. Unconditional means you love this person through all the bad and good times, and nothing can replace or alter that feeling.In Shakespearean Sonnet, 1 16, his word choice created a tone of confidence and more adamant. Words like remove, impediments, ever-fixed, and proved guided him in expressing that if it is true love then it will conquer and defy time and death by continuing on after people go away or move on. Although the tones are different, the diction used in both sonnets state hat love is undying by clarifying it does not change regardless of the best or worst situation. Both Browning and Shakespeare took a deeper spin on what love really is.They used a vide variety of figurative language, but the two sonnets contain similar hyperbole that exaggerated how powerful love can be. In Sonnet 43, she says † I love thee with the breath, smiles, tears, of all my life.. † This is hyperboloids because you can't love someone with everything in you before you even have met them. In Sonnet 1 16, Shakespeare wrote, à ¢â‚¬  but bears it out even to the edge of doom. This is overdone because we don't know what the edge of doom is. It's Just a more inventive way to say love is unaffected throughout time and remains so after death.The use of hyperbole explain how love is the most over the top feeling, and why it is the only real thing in people's lives. Love is the most complicated feeling, but yet the best one as well. Just like Elizabeth and Shakespeare, majority of poets write about how love is boundless and continuous. Through imagery, they both express that you can't measure the existence of love; limitations cannot delay or damage it. The declaration of love that will survive the grave in Sonnet 43 is similar to how love defies death in Sonnet 1 16, which is shown through diction.Elizabeth is articulating feelings of love about someone, but Shakespeare is persistence in explaining love in its most ideal form; however, they both used figurative language to stretch out in someway Just how real and pure love is. The connection between the two sonnets illustrates that love's actual worth is not known its remains a mystery. In conclusion, each poet did a phenomenal Job by using literary devices in similar ways to clearly state love is eternal.

Status Of Women

What is gender? What is sex in biological terms? Are gender and sex the same thing? Explain why or why not? The state of being male or female, typically used with reference to social and cultural differences rather than biological ones. Gender refers to the personal sexual identity of an individual regardlessnof the persons bological and outward sex. How people define masculinity and femininity can vary based on the ndividuals background and surrounding culture. Our biological sex is how we are defined as female and male or intersex.It describes our internal and external bodies including our sexual and reproductive anatomy, our genetic make-up and our hormones. The distinction between sex and gender differentiates sex, the biological make-up of an individuals reproductive anatomy or secondary sex characteristics, from gender, an individuals lifestyle or personal identity of ones own gender. Sex and gender are often used interchangeably. How do gender and sex contribute to the concept s and constructions of masculinity and femininity? Genedr and sex contribute to the concepts and construction of masculinity and femininity in many ways.Gender and sex concepts and construction of masculinity and femininity of being able to tell the difference between the two. They show them as being completely different like males being the protector and ladies being caring and emotional. Do our concepts of gender and sex contribute to the ways we embrace gender and sex in diversity? Yes, I do feel that our concepts of gender and sex contributr to the way we embrace gender and sex in diversity. I feel that we look at males in one light and females in another, we all at some point expect men to the ones that are tough and brave and look at women as being emotional.When it could be the other way around. Do our concepts of gender and sex contribute to our understanding of sexual orientation? Explain. Yes, I feel that our concepts of gender and sex contribute to our understanding of se xual orientation in mnay ways. We have a understanding of what each gender is and what they provide, causing us to make a desision on who we want to be with in life. Wether we are heterosexual: attracted to an individual of the opposite sex, bisexual: attracted to both sexes, or homosexual: attracted to members of the same sex.

Psy 600

1 Running head: PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE SUMMARY Peer reviewed article summaries PSYCH/600 Developmental Psychology March, 11, 2013 2 Running head: PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE SUMMARY Peer review article summaries Many peer reviewed articles were interesting to me; however the three that really stood out in mind is socioeconomic status and child development, Psychology and Aging: The first 20 years, and Child development. These journals stood out I taught about how it could relate to my live and adolescents at my job.Psychology and aging: The first 20 years speaks about how the aging process through the years of life has change and a few traits are still actively the same as the years went by. One characteristic that remains the same is representation of the broad spectrum of research on the development and aging. Another further type of diversity in Psychology and aging that was mention is the geographical diversity of the how the authors reviewers. Another history of the psychology and agin g process has strived to be broadly inclusive with respect to specific domains of adult development and aging process.Theoretical orientation is applied thrust of the work methodology. Early issues spoke about the basic aspects of cognition, perception, and memory. Socioeconomic status and child development talked about the differences of high and low in families. Through this article it speaks on how children from low-SES families are more likely to experience some form of growth dysfunction. It also shared how children from low –SES families were born prematurely and with some sort of birth defects. 3 Running head: PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE SUMMARYCognitive and academic attainment relationship between SES and low families’ studies has shown that children who come from poverty and low parental education are associated with lower levels of school achievement and IQ later in childhood. As for the highest SES group was shown 25 points higher than the mean of the lowest SES g roup. The link between SES and children’s social and emotional well-being is not always consistent as to cognitive attainment. There is substantial evidence that low- SES children more often manifest symptoms.Another peer reviewed article is socioeconomic status and child development, this topic remains to be interesting it speaks on child development and how children well-being is represents in three domains. Cognitive the intellectual and academic competence and how the child learning behaviors develop as they grow into an adult. Socioemotional development speaks about the social and emotional well-being is not as consistent as the cognitive attainment. The low-SES children more manifest symptoms of psychiatric disturbance and social functioning.The strength of the relationship between SES and mental disorders varies by type of disorders and race. In summary these three articles all share the information and studies that I found relatively interesting. 4 Running head: PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE SUMMARY References: Bradley, R. , & Corwyn, R. F. (2002). Socioeconomic status and child development. , (), Rose, T. Z. , Haley, W. E. , & Blanchard-Fields, F. (2006). Psychology and Aging: The first 20 years. , (), Bradley, R. H. , & Corwyn, R. (2002). Socioeconomic Status and child development. , (), .

The Importance of Breastfeeding and the implications on Nursing Article

The Importance of Breastfeeding and the implications on Nursing - Article Example of milk from breast is the medium of transference of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type -1 (HIV) but yet it does not mean that breast feeding is the absolute route of transmission of this virus. Moreover, most of the researches are against this proposition and claim that HIV is not easily transmittable. Vast medical researches have played a vital role in the importance of breast feeding during early parenthood duration and continue until total time prescribed. Breastfeeding is advantageous for both infants and mothers as well. Mothers’ state of psychology can be stabled and many problems related to psychology disorders can be dealt by lactation to their babies (Ontario Medical Association 1943). Breast milking is a nutritional source which cannot be replaced by any other supplement and food prescribed and research by physicians for the infants. The obesity usually a mother encounters after pregnancy time period can be removed or at least reduced through the process of breast lactation. The belly watery position and fatty states can also be removed through this process. And speaking of infants, they are highly susceptible and sensitive to diseases at early age so they need highly nourished food (mother’s milk) so they can develop strong immunity system in them against those fatal diseases. Baccalaureate nursing programs according to Mr. Dodgson and Mr. Tarrant (2007), propose that nurses must have evidence based knowledge and education programs on breast feeding. Proper research literature on the breast feeding content should be included in the curricular. Midwives and nurses should promote education about breast feeding during delivery and early stages of birth. Nurses should aware the mothers to give lactations to their infants for the benefits of their babies and for them as well as this program were followed in Hong Kong. The article on surgeon’s call exposed the reasons behind the reluctance of mothers towards breastfeeding practices. As the culture

Governmental Structure of Canada. Is the Canadian Prime Minister Too Research Paper

Governmental Structure of Canada. Is the Canadian Prime Minister Too Powerful - Research Paper Example Majority of the evidences sighted in various literary works point towards the fact that the Canadian prime minister has a lot of power and can influence the decisions of the government and the country of Canada. The fact that cannot be ignored is that the Canadian prime minister exercises a great deal of power especially when in the parliament his party enjoys the majority (Dickerson, Flanaganand O’Neill, 2009). There are obvious evidences of the Canadian prime minister not being too powerful but the majority facts are in the favor of him being powerful and dictating the rules and regulations governing the state resulting in the favor of prime-ministerial power. Governmental Structure of Canada Canada’s parliament is divided into three levels. The main governing body is the Queen of Elizabeth II and the Governor General (David Johnston currently) who acts on the behalf of the Queen to perform official functions as the Queen is not physically present in Canada. The secon d level is of the senate that is appointed on the prime minister’s recommendation and the third being the House of Commons consisting of the government members and the Opposition members. Queen Elizabeth II performs the ceremonial functions in Canada. All the political, executive and legislative powers are directed from the Queen .The Governor in General acts on behalf of Queen Elizabeth, he performs functions such as General elections declaration, closing and opening the Parliament and reads speeches from The Throne. The role of the Prime Minister who is the first amongst the parliament members and is the head of the government is to make and implement decisions pertaining to the policy of the government. He is designated to choose cabinet and its members for carrying out the various tasks of the country. No one person can handle all the tasks therefore cabinets are formed but the supreme authority is the prime minister himself. He can shuffle the cabinet members from one po rtfolio to another, can delete the cabinets and can add cabinets for whatever reason he thinks is right. This statement is strong evidence in favor of the Canadian President being a powerful governing body. The Cabinet and the Canadian prime minister speaks as one voice because conflicts amongst them can result in Cabinet members being demoted or dropped from the Parliament (Mallory, 1984). The legislature is a part of the government and has the duty of making the laws. It consists of the appointed as well as elected members, the Senate is appointed and the House of Commons is elected. Drawn from the House of Commons, the executive (the prime minister and the cabinet members) control the agenda in the House of Commons and they have the right to vote in order to turn the legislative that is proposed into practice (Malcolmson and Myers, 2009). Concluding the structure it could be said that there are three levels and the prime minister is the part of the second level and governs the th ird level that is the legislature. He is an important figure and works under the supervision of the Governor General who is acting figure in lieu of the Queen. Power in the Hands of the Canadian Prime Minister The Canadian Prime minister is the central figure in the Canadian politics and the law governing the state of Canada. He is behind all the progress that is currently under process

Agencies helping homeless people Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Agencies helping homeless people - Essay Example Homeless people can be encountered in any country of the world. The United States of America is not exclusion as well. However, unlike many other nations, Americans strive to support people living on the streets, those who are not able to satisfy their basic needs without outside help. Homeless people are individuals who have no place to live, have very low income, and cannot afford buying food and cloth. Most of the homeless people start living on the streets because they have failed to deal with the life problems. Very few homeless individuals enjoy the life they have, however, they do not see the opportunity to improve the position.According to the statistics, there is almost one million American people living on the streets or staying in the shelters. These include men, women, and children. The government unable to satisfy the needs of all of these people and, for this reason, the non-profit organizations aimed at supporting homeless individuals are the only hope for numerous peo ple without home. Every person has a different reaction when he sees the person with the sign "work for food". Many of citizens do not even know what it is like not to be able to buy even the simple bread. These individuals with the sign experience this feeling everyday. Some of Americans give money to homeless, while most just do not pay attention to them or get angry because of their presence.Most of the organizations offering temporary assistance to homeless people cannot cover all of the expenses associated with accommodation of homeless. For this reason, agencies have developed the official websites describing their activities, informing people about homeless and their problems, and offering the opportunity to donate any amount of money. The Institute for Human Service (IHS) is one of the agencies helping homeless people to cope with the life problems, offering temporary accommodation, and a wide range of different services. The Institute for Human Service is located in Hawaii and provides sleeping places to more than 250 individuals in one location and for 150 women (with approximately 60 children) in the second location; it serves up to 7,000 meals per week, and cooperates with many business units and non-profit institutions (http://www.ihshawaii.org). U.S. Vets Inc is another non-profit American agency offering help to the homeless veterans. Unlike Institute for Human Service, which is located only in Hawaii, Vets Inc has offices is California, Texas, Nevada, Hawaii, Arizona, and Washington D.C. According to the news posted on the official website (http://www.usvetsinc.org), U.S. Vets is the largest national organization dedicated to helping homeless veterans. If the Institute for Human Service provides accommodation services and helps homeless to meet the basic needs, U.S. Vets is focused on "successful reintegration of homeless veterans" rather than merely providing them with food, clothing, and shelter for one night. The agency cooperates with public and private sectors in providing the safe, sober, and clinically supported housing as well as employment assistance. The official websites of U.S. Vets Inc and the Institute for Human Service do not provide information about the intake procedures a participant of the programs has to go through. In addition, the sites do not contain any information about the composition of the staff or any guidance on what one must do to become a participant at the agencies. The lack of this information can be understood: the sites follow informative mission, the aim is to attract public attention to the problem, and generate funds through donations. The intake procedur

African history- railway strike in west French Africa Essay

African history- railway strike in west French Africa - Essay Example African nations have a dynamic history in the events of their colonial periods. Respective nations in Africa were under the rule of diverse colonialist nations. For instance, most of the West African nations were colonized by France. In most cases, the colonial regimes had predetermined capitalist interests. Therefore, they exploited Africans for cheap access of resources. West African was under the colonial regime of France. The colonial period in this region had significant historical events that defined the conflicting relationship amongst the French colonialists and the African natives. These significant events were documented by diverse scholars. Ousmane Sembene and Frederick Cooper were key writers that recorded the colonial events in West Africa. Sembene’s and Cooper’s literal productions have both similarities and differences. Similarities As denoted previously, the literal productions by Sembene and Cooper possess significant similarities. These documents are s imilar through their exploration of conflict and disharmonious interests of the French colonialists and the West Africa natives. Sembene produced his literal record of the colonial events in the form of a novel. He therefore inserts fictional characters and settings of the factual event in the colonial periods of West Africa. Through his text, Sembene explores the major conflict between the colonialists and the West African natives in diverse ways. Sembene defines the ramifications of a previous strike through the flashback of the character Naikoro1. She grieves in pain upon the consideration of her loss of her husband and the disappearance of her son. This flashback by old Naikoro portrays a heated conflict and antagonism that existed between the colonialists and the West African natives2. It is therefore evident that the native Africans had perceived the need for freedom long before the railway strike in 1947. They had premeditated the move of a strike in reference to the existent conflict with the interests of the French regime. In the event of the flashback, Naikoro becomes agitated by Bakayoko’s step-daughter. She had spoken French and Naikoro was irritated by this fact3. This tendency demonstrated by the character represented the resentment that native Africans had against the French regime. Cooper also demonstrated the conflict amongst the larger groups of West African natives and the French colonialists. Cooper produced an analysis of the events in colonial and post-colonial West Africa. His literal record of the events is factual and non-fictional. This article gives a comprehensive account and analysis of the events of the railway strike. It also factors in the eventualities of the railway strike in 1947. Cooper defines the strike as a result of the strong integration amongst the African communities4. The railway strike lasted for approximately five months and it was planned from the community level amongst the West African natives. This artic le therefore defines the West African communities as cohesive for the purpose of freedom attainment. Members of diverse communities reached a concrete agreement of paralyzing the railway operations. Therefore, this is an evident reflection of conflict and antagonism amongst the African natives and the French regime. The conflict is defined through the premeditation of West African communities to launch a railway strike in the quest for equality and freedom5. Sembene and Cooper present a growing trend of the rivalry between the French colonialists and the West African natives. They are in a conflict that tends to grow in the progression of time. This is a tendency that is described by both writers within their

Leadership Bachelor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Leadership Bachelor - Essay Example However, should there be any lapses, which is the one to be blamed If there are irregularities, which are those people responsible Or which brain should conceptualize the plan in order to achieve success How can the people inside the team with different tasks and interests be guided with regards to their movement and execution of plans In these cases, it all boils down to one individual-The Leader. We all know that a team is composed of many individuals, but how important is the leader in unifying these individuals and to achieve the needed success of an endeavor or certain project Leader is defined as the one organizes or is in charge of the group or something that leads or guides others (allwords.com 1). In layman's term he is the one who is in charge of the team, the standard bearer per se. How vital is the performance of the leader in order to obtain the desired output Up to what extent does the leader takes over especially if he or she leads the team. These are only some of the questions that are in need to be answered in order for us to know the importance of a leader on a certain team. It is a common connotation that when the word team is used, it has something to do with sports. Perhaps, let us also take a look in this field. In almost all of the team sport, there are leaders in and off the playing court. A coach perhaps can be considered as leader as he is the one who creates and induces his system with regards to the performance of his players in each and every game. The quarterback in American football, point guard in basketball, libero in volleyball and stopper in football. All do have different designations but has the same impact and importance in the team. They lead the team in scoring and in defense. It is also said that they can make or unmake the team, so what's with these leaders that the whole team depends on them It is said that an organization regardless of its nature whether it is a business, political party, alliance et cetera is a form of team. They all have leaders. In most cases, the leaders are the ones whom they look up to whether they are into the peak of the success or into the bitterness of defeat. A team is defined as a group of people working on a common goal, with different task and interdependent with each other. This means that a certain team cannot succeed by an effort of an individual but rather an effort of different individuals with a common goal; they are united with a driving force. However, their efforts will almost be next to inutile, if no one will act to be the head or the leader of that team. Primarily, the main concern of the team leader is to ensure that the team's plan in order to succeed is properly executed. Tam leader must also know the strengths and weaknesses of each and every individual member in order to ensure that the manpower that is delegated to perform specific task can deliver the goods. The leader must also be a good follower like the old saying with regards to the leaders. They should always follow the rules that the team has prescribed for its members. With all these facts laid, it always boils down to one question. How important is leadership to a team Does it have an impact to a team considering a team is comprised of many individuals Sometimes leadership in team particularly in organization is